What Is Amazon EC2?
Features of Amazon EC2
How to Get Started with Amazon EC2
Related Services
Accessing Amazon EC2
Pricing for Amazon EC2
PCI DSS Compliance
Instances and AMIs
Instances
AMIs
Regions and Availability Zones
Region and Availability Zone Concepts
Available Regions
Regions and Endpoints
Describing Your Regions and Availability Zones
Specifying the Region for a Resource
Launching Instances in an Availability Zone
Migrating an Instance to Another Availability Zone
Root Device Volume
Root Device Storage Concepts
Choosing an AMI by Root Device Type
Determining the Root Device Type of Your Instance
Changing the Root Device Volume to Persist
Setting Up
Sign Up for AWS
Create an IAM User
Create a Key Pair
Create a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)
Create a Security Group
Getting Started
Overview
Prerequisites
Step 1: Launch an Instance
Step 2: Connect to Your Instance
Step 3: Clean Up Your Instance
Next Steps
Best Practices
Tutorials
Install a LAMP Server (Amazon Linux 2)
Step 1: Prepare the LAMP Server
Step 2: Test Your LAMP Server
Step 3: Secure the Database Server
Step 4: (Optional) Install phpMyAdmin
Troubleshooting
Related Topics
Install a LAMP Server (Amazon Linux AMI)
Troubleshooting
Related Topics
Tutorial: Hosting a WordPress Blog
Prerequisites
Install WordPress
Next Steps
Help! My Public DNS Name Changed and now my Blog is Broken
Tutorial: Configure Apache Web Server on Amazon Linux 2 to Use SSL/TLS
iii
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
User Guide for Linux Instances
Prerequisites
Step 1: Enable SSL/TLS on the Server
Step 2: Obtain a CA-signed Certificate
Step 3: Test and Harden the Security Configuration
Troubleshooting
Appendix: Let's Encrypt with Certbot on Amazon Linux 2
Tutorial: Increase the Availability of Your Application
Prerequisites
Scale and Load Balance Your Application
Test Your Load Balancer
Tutorial: Remotely Manage Your Instances
Grant Your User Account Access to Systems Manager
Install the SSM Agent
Send a Command Using the EC2 Console
Send a Command Using AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell
Send a Command Using the AWS CLI
Related Content
Amazon Machine Images
Using an AMI
Creating Your Own AMI
Buying, Sharing, and Selling AMIs
Deregistering Your AMI
Amazon Linux 2 and Amazon Linux AMI
AMI Types
Launch Permissions
Storage for the Root Device
Virtualization Types
Finding a Linux AMI
Finding a Linux AMI Using the Amazon EC2 Console
Finding an AMI Using the AWS CLI
Finding a Quick Start AMI
Shared AMIs
Finding Shared AMIs
Making an AMI Public
Sharing an AMI with Specific AWS Accounts
Using Bookmarks
Guidelines for Shared Linux AMIs
Paid AMIs
Selling Your AMI
Finding a Paid AMI
Purchasing a Paid AMI
Getting the Product Code for Your Instance
Using Paid Support
Bills for Paid and Supported AMIs
Managing Your AWS Marketplace Subscriptions
Creating an Amazon EBS-Backed Linux AMI
Overview of Creating Amazon EBS-Backed AMIs
Creating a Linux AMI from an Instance
Creating a Linux AMI from a Snapshot
Creating an Instance Store-Backed Linux AMI
Overview of the Creation Process for Instance Store-Backed AMIs
Prerequisites
Setting Up the AMI Tools
Creating an AMI from an Instance Store-Backed Instance
Converting to an Amazon EBS-Backed AMI
AMI Tools Reference
AMIs with Encrypted Snapshots
iv
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
User Guide for Linux Instances
AMI Scenarios Involving Encrypted EBS Snapshots
Copying an AMI
Permissions for Copying an Instance Store-Backed AMI
Cross-Region AMI Copy
Cross-Account AMI Copy
Encryption and AMI Copy
Copying an AMI
Stopping a Pending AMI Copy Operation
Deregistering Your Linux AMI
Cleaning Up Your Amazon EBS-Backed AMI
Cleaning Up Your Instance Store-Backed AMI
Amazon Linux
Connecting to an Amazon Linux Instance
Identifying Amazon Linux Images
AWS Command Line Tools
Package Repository
Extras Library (Amazon Linux 2)
Accessing Source Packages for Reference
cloud-init
Subscribing to Amazon Linux Notifications
Running Amazon Linux 2 as a Virtual Machine On-Premises
User Provided Kernels
HVM AMIs (GRUB)
Paravirtual AMIs (PV-GRUB)
Instances
Instance Types
Available Instance Types
Hardware Specifications
Virtualization Types
Networking and Storage Features
Instance Limits
Burstable Performance Instances
General Purpose Instances
Compute Optimized Instances
Memory Optimized Instances
Storage Optimized Instances
Accelerated Computing Instances
T1 Micro Instances
Changing the Instance Type
Optimizing CPU Options
Instance Purchasing Options
Determining the Instance Lifecycle
Reserved Instances
Scheduled Instances
Spot Instances
Dedicated Hosts
Dedicated Instances
Instance Lifecycle
Instance Launch
Instance Stop and Start (Amazon EBS-Backed Instances Only)
Instance Reboot
Instance Retirement
Instance Termination
Differences Between Reboot, Stop, and Terminate
Launch
Connect
Stop and Start
v
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
User Guide for Linux Instances
Reboot
Retire
Terminate
Recover
Configure Instances
Common Configuration Scenarios
Managing Software
Managing Users
Processor State Control
Setting the Time
Changing the Hostname
Setting Up Dynamic DNS
Running Commands at Launch
Instance Metadata and User Data
Identify Instances
Inspecting the System UUID
Inspecting the Instance Identity Document
Monitoring
Automated and Manual Monitoring
Automated Monitoring Tools
Manual Monitoring Tools
Best Practices for Monitoring
Monitoring the Status of Your Instances
Instance Status Checks
Scheduled Events
Monitoring Your Instances Using CloudWatch
Enable Detailed Monitoring
List Available Metrics
Get Statistics for Metrics
Graph Metrics
Create an Alarm
Create Alarms That Stop, Terminate, Reboot, or Recover an Instance
Automating Amazon EC2 with CloudWatch Events
Monitoring Memory and Disk Metrics
New CloudWatch Agent Available
CloudWatch Monitoring Scripts
Network and Security
Key Pairs
Creating a Key Pair Using Amazon EC2
Importing Your Own Public Key to Amazon EC2
Retrieving the Public Key for Your Key Pair on Linux
Retrieving the Public Key for Your Key Pair on Windows
Retrieving the Public Key for Your Key Pair From Your Instance
Verifying Your Key Pair's Fingerprint
Deleting Your Key Pair
Adding or Replacing a Key Pair for Your Instance
Connecting to Your Linux Instance if You Lose Your Private Key
Security Groups
Security Groups for EC2-Classic
Security Groups for EC2-VPC
Security Group Rules
Default Security Groups
Custom Security Groups
Working with Security Groups
Security Group Rules Reference
Controlling Access
Network Access to Your Instance
vi
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
User Guide for Linux Instances
Amazon EC2 Permission Attributes
IAM and Amazon EC2
IAM Policies
IAM Roles
Network Access
Amazon VPC
Benefits of Using a VPC
Differences Between EC2-Classic and EC2-VPC
Sharing and Accessing Resources Between EC2-Classic and EC2-VPC
Instance Types Available Only in a VPC
Amazon VPC Documentation
Supported Platforms
ClassicLink
Migrating from EC2-Classic to a VPC
Instance IP Addressing
Private IPv4 Addresses and Internal DNS Hostnames
Public IPv4 Addresses and External DNS Hostnames
Elastic IP Addresses (IPv4)
Amazon DNS Server
IPv6 Addresses
IP Address Differences Between EC2-Classic and EC2-VPC
Working with IP Addresses for Your Instance
Multiple IP Addresses
Elastic IP Addresses
Elastic IP Address Basics
Elastic IP Address Differences for EC2-Classic and EC2-VPC
Working with Elastic IP Addresses
Using Reverse DNS for Email Applications
Elastic IP Address Limit
Network Interfaces
Network Interface Basics
IP Addresses Per Network Interface Per Instance Type
Scenarios for Network Interfaces
Best Practices for Configuring Network Interfaces
Working with Network Interfaces
Requester-Managed Network Interfaces
Placement Groups
Cluster Placement Groups
Spread Placement Groups
Placement Group Rules and Limitations
Creating a Placement Group
Launching Instances in a Placement Group
Changing the Placement Group for an Instance
Deleting a Placement Group
Network MTU
Jumbo Frames (9001 MTU)
Path MTU Discovery
Check the Path MTU Between Two Hosts
Check and Set the MTU on Your Linux Instance
Troubleshooting
Enhanced Networking
Enhanced Networking Types
Enabling Enhanced Networking on Your Instance
Enhanced Networking: Intel 82599 VF
Enhanced Networking: ENA
Troubleshooting ENA
Storage
vii
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
User Guide for Linux Instances
Amazon EBS
Features of Amazon EBS
EBS Volumes
EBS Snapshots
EBS Optimization
EBS Encryption
EBS Volumes and NVMe
EBS Performance
EBS CloudWatch Events
Instance Store
Instance Store Lifetime
Instance Store Volumes
Add Instance Store Volumes
SSD Instance Store Volumes
Instance Store Swap Volumes
Optimizing Disk Performance
Amazon EFS
Prerequisites
Step 1: Create an EFS File System
Step 2: Mount the File System
Step 3: Test the File System
Step 4: Clean Up
Amazon S3
Amazon S3 and Amazon EC2
Instance Volume Limits
Linux-Specific Volume Limits
Windows-Specific Volume Limits
Instance Type Limits
Bandwidth versus Capacity
Device Naming
Available Device Names
Device Name Considerations
Block Device Mapping
Block Device Mapping Concepts
AMI Block Device Mapping
Instance Block Device Mapping
Using Public Data Sets
Public Data Set Concepts
Finding Public Data Sets
Creating a Public Data Set Volume from a Snapshot
Attaching and Mounting the Public Data Set Volume
Resources and Tags
Resource Locations
Resource IDs
Working with Longer IDs
Controlling Access to Longer ID Settings
Listing and Filtering Your Resources
Advanced Search
Listing Resources Using the Console
Filtering Resources Using the Console
Listing and Filtering Using the CLI and API
Tagging Your Resources
Tag Basics
Tagging Your Resources
Tag Restrictions
Tagging Your Resources for Billing
Working with Tags Using the Console
viii
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
User Guide for Linux Instances
Working with Tags Using the CLI or API
Service Limits
Viewing Your Current Limits
Requesting a Limit Increase
Usage Reports
EC2Rescue for Linux
Installing EC2Rescue for Linux
(Optional) Verify the Signature of EC2Rescue for Linux
Install the GPG Tools
Authenticate and Import the Public Key
Verify the Signature of the Package
Working with EC2Rescue for Linux
Running EC2Rescue for Linux
Uploading the Results
Creating Backups
Getting Help
Developing EC2Rescue Modules
Adding Module Attributes
Adding Environment Variables
Using YAML Syntax
Example Modules
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting Launch Issues
Instance Limit Exceeded
Insufficient Instance Capacity
Instance Terminates Immediately
Connecting to Your Instance
Error connecting to your instance: Connection timed out
Error: User key not recognized by server
Error: Host key not found, Permission denied (publickey), or Authentication failed, permission
denied
Error: Unprotected Private Key File
Error: Server refused our key or No supported authentication methods available ..................... 929
Error Using MindTerm on Safari Browser
Cannot Ping Instance
Stopping Your Instance
Creating a Replacement Instance
Terminating Your Instance
Delayed Instance Termination
Terminated Instance Still Displayed
Automatically Launch or Terminate Instances
Instance Recovery Failures
Failed Status Checks
Initial Steps
Retrieving System Logs
Troubleshooting System Log Errors for Linux-Based Instances
Out of memory: kill process
ERROR: mmu_update failed (Memory management update failed)
I/O Error (Block Device Failure)
I/O ERROR: neither local nor remote disk (Broken distributed block device)
request_module: runaway loop modprobe (Looping legacy kernel modprobe on older Linux
versions)
"FATAL: kernel too old" and "fsck: No such file or directory while trying to open /dev" (Kernel
and AMI mismatch)
"FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules" or "BusyBox" (Missing kernel modules)
ERROR Invalid kernel (EC2 incompatible kernel)
ix
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
User Guide for Linux Instances
request_module: runaway loop modprobe (Looping legacy kernel modprobe on older Linux
versions)
fsck: No such file or directory while trying to open... (File system not found)
General error mounting filesystems (Failed mount)
VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block (Root filesystem mismatch)
Error: Unable to determine major/minor number of root device... (Root file system/device
mismatch)
XENBUS: Device with no driver...
... days without being checked, check forced (File system check required)
fsck died with exit status... (Missing device)
GRUB prompt (grubdom>)
Bringing up interface eth0: Device eth0 has different MAC address than expected, ignoring.
(Hard-coded MAC address)
Unable to load SELinux Policy. Machine is in enforcing mode. Halting now. (SELinux
misconfiguration)
XENBUS: Timeout connecting to devices (Xenbus timeout)
Getting Console Output and Rebooting Instances
Instance Reboot
Instance Console Output
Capture a Screenshot of an Unreachable Instance
Instance Recovery When a Host Computer Fails
Booting from the Wrong Volume
Document History
AWS Glossary
Features of Amazon EC2
How to Get Started with Amazon EC2
Related Services
Accessing Amazon EC2
Pricing for Amazon EC2
PCI DSS Compliance
Instances and AMIs
Instances
AMIs
Regions and Availability Zones
Region and Availability Zone Concepts
Available Regions
Regions and Endpoints
Describing Your Regions and Availability Zones
Specifying the Region for a Resource
Launching Instances in an Availability Zone
Migrating an Instance to Another Availability Zone
Root Device Volume
Root Device Storage Concepts
Choosing an AMI by Root Device Type
Determining the Root Device Type of Your Instance
Changing the Root Device Volume to Persist
Setting Up
Sign Up for AWS
Create an IAM User
Create a Key Pair
Create a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)
Create a Security Group
Getting Started
Overview
Prerequisites
Step 1: Launch an Instance
Step 2: Connect to Your Instance
Step 3: Clean Up Your Instance
Next Steps
Best Practices
Tutorials
Install a LAMP Server (Amazon Linux 2)
Step 1: Prepare the LAMP Server
Step 2: Test Your LAMP Server
Step 3: Secure the Database Server
Step 4: (Optional) Install phpMyAdmin
Troubleshooting
Related Topics
Install a LAMP Server (Amazon Linux AMI)
Troubleshooting
Related Topics
Tutorial: Hosting a WordPress Blog
Prerequisites
Install WordPress
Next Steps
Help! My Public DNS Name Changed and now my Blog is Broken
Tutorial: Configure Apache Web Server on Amazon Linux 2 to Use SSL/TLS
iii
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
User Guide for Linux Instances
Prerequisites
Step 1: Enable SSL/TLS on the Server
Step 2: Obtain a CA-signed Certificate
Step 3: Test and Harden the Security Configuration
Troubleshooting
Appendix: Let's Encrypt with Certbot on Amazon Linux 2
Tutorial: Increase the Availability of Your Application
Prerequisites
Scale and Load Balance Your Application
Test Your Load Balancer
Tutorial: Remotely Manage Your Instances
Grant Your User Account Access to Systems Manager
Install the SSM Agent
Send a Command Using the EC2 Console
Send a Command Using AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell
Send a Command Using the AWS CLI
Related Content
Amazon Machine Images
Using an AMI
Creating Your Own AMI
Buying, Sharing, and Selling AMIs
Deregistering Your AMI
Amazon Linux 2 and Amazon Linux AMI
AMI Types
Launch Permissions
Storage for the Root Device
Virtualization Types
Finding a Linux AMI
Finding a Linux AMI Using the Amazon EC2 Console
Finding an AMI Using the AWS CLI
Finding a Quick Start AMI
Shared AMIs
Finding Shared AMIs
Making an AMI Public
Sharing an AMI with Specific AWS Accounts
Using Bookmarks
Guidelines for Shared Linux AMIs
Paid AMIs
Selling Your AMI
Finding a Paid AMI
Purchasing a Paid AMI
Getting the Product Code for Your Instance
Using Paid Support
Bills for Paid and Supported AMIs
Managing Your AWS Marketplace Subscriptions
Creating an Amazon EBS-Backed Linux AMI
Overview of Creating Amazon EBS-Backed AMIs
Creating a Linux AMI from an Instance
Creating a Linux AMI from a Snapshot
Creating an Instance Store-Backed Linux AMI
Overview of the Creation Process for Instance Store-Backed AMIs
Prerequisites
Setting Up the AMI Tools
Creating an AMI from an Instance Store-Backed Instance
Converting to an Amazon EBS-Backed AMI
AMI Tools Reference
AMIs with Encrypted Snapshots
iv
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
User Guide for Linux Instances
AMI Scenarios Involving Encrypted EBS Snapshots
Copying an AMI
Permissions for Copying an Instance Store-Backed AMI
Cross-Region AMI Copy
Cross-Account AMI Copy
Encryption and AMI Copy
Copying an AMI
Stopping a Pending AMI Copy Operation
Deregistering Your Linux AMI
Cleaning Up Your Amazon EBS-Backed AMI
Cleaning Up Your Instance Store-Backed AMI
Amazon Linux
Connecting to an Amazon Linux Instance
Identifying Amazon Linux Images
AWS Command Line Tools
Package Repository
Extras Library (Amazon Linux 2)
Accessing Source Packages for Reference
cloud-init
Subscribing to Amazon Linux Notifications
Running Amazon Linux 2 as a Virtual Machine On-Premises
User Provided Kernels
HVM AMIs (GRUB)
Paravirtual AMIs (PV-GRUB)
Instances
Instance Types
Available Instance Types
Hardware Specifications
Virtualization Types
Networking and Storage Features
Instance Limits
Burstable Performance Instances
General Purpose Instances
Compute Optimized Instances
Memory Optimized Instances
Storage Optimized Instances
Accelerated Computing Instances
T1 Micro Instances
Changing the Instance Type
Optimizing CPU Options
Instance Purchasing Options
Determining the Instance Lifecycle
Reserved Instances
Scheduled Instances
Spot Instances
Dedicated Hosts
Dedicated Instances
Instance Lifecycle
Instance Launch
Instance Stop and Start (Amazon EBS-Backed Instances Only)
Instance Reboot
Instance Retirement
Instance Termination
Differences Between Reboot, Stop, and Terminate
Launch
Connect
Stop and Start
v
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
User Guide for Linux Instances
Reboot
Retire
Terminate
Recover
Configure Instances
Common Configuration Scenarios
Managing Software
Managing Users
Processor State Control
Setting the Time
Changing the Hostname
Setting Up Dynamic DNS
Running Commands at Launch
Instance Metadata and User Data
Identify Instances
Inspecting the System UUID
Inspecting the Instance Identity Document
Monitoring
Automated and Manual Monitoring
Automated Monitoring Tools
Manual Monitoring Tools
Best Practices for Monitoring
Monitoring the Status of Your Instances
Instance Status Checks
Scheduled Events
Monitoring Your Instances Using CloudWatch
Enable Detailed Monitoring
List Available Metrics
Get Statistics for Metrics
Graph Metrics
Create an Alarm
Create Alarms That Stop, Terminate, Reboot, or Recover an Instance
Automating Amazon EC2 with CloudWatch Events
Monitoring Memory and Disk Metrics
New CloudWatch Agent Available
CloudWatch Monitoring Scripts
Network and Security
Key Pairs
Creating a Key Pair Using Amazon EC2
Importing Your Own Public Key to Amazon EC2
Retrieving the Public Key for Your Key Pair on Linux
Retrieving the Public Key for Your Key Pair on Windows
Retrieving the Public Key for Your Key Pair From Your Instance
Verifying Your Key Pair's Fingerprint
Deleting Your Key Pair
Adding or Replacing a Key Pair for Your Instance
Connecting to Your Linux Instance if You Lose Your Private Key
Security Groups
Security Groups for EC2-Classic
Security Groups for EC2-VPC
Security Group Rules
Default Security Groups
Custom Security Groups
Working with Security Groups
Security Group Rules Reference
Controlling Access
Network Access to Your Instance
vi
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
User Guide for Linux Instances
Amazon EC2 Permission Attributes
IAM and Amazon EC2
IAM Policies
IAM Roles
Network Access
Amazon VPC
Benefits of Using a VPC
Differences Between EC2-Classic and EC2-VPC
Sharing and Accessing Resources Between EC2-Classic and EC2-VPC
Instance Types Available Only in a VPC
Amazon VPC Documentation
Supported Platforms
ClassicLink
Migrating from EC2-Classic to a VPC
Instance IP Addressing
Private IPv4 Addresses and Internal DNS Hostnames
Public IPv4 Addresses and External DNS Hostnames
Elastic IP Addresses (IPv4)
Amazon DNS Server
IPv6 Addresses
IP Address Differences Between EC2-Classic and EC2-VPC
Working with IP Addresses for Your Instance
Multiple IP Addresses
Elastic IP Addresses
Elastic IP Address Basics
Elastic IP Address Differences for EC2-Classic and EC2-VPC
Working with Elastic IP Addresses
Using Reverse DNS for Email Applications
Elastic IP Address Limit
Network Interfaces
Network Interface Basics
IP Addresses Per Network Interface Per Instance Type
Scenarios for Network Interfaces
Best Practices for Configuring Network Interfaces
Working with Network Interfaces
Requester-Managed Network Interfaces
Placement Groups
Cluster Placement Groups
Spread Placement Groups
Placement Group Rules and Limitations
Creating a Placement Group
Launching Instances in a Placement Group
Changing the Placement Group for an Instance
Deleting a Placement Group
Network MTU
Jumbo Frames (9001 MTU)
Path MTU Discovery
Check the Path MTU Between Two Hosts
Check and Set the MTU on Your Linux Instance
Troubleshooting
Enhanced Networking
Enhanced Networking Types
Enabling Enhanced Networking on Your Instance
Enhanced Networking: Intel 82599 VF
Enhanced Networking: ENA
Troubleshooting ENA
Storage
vii
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
User Guide for Linux Instances
Amazon EBS
Features of Amazon EBS
EBS Volumes
EBS Snapshots
EBS Optimization
EBS Encryption
EBS Volumes and NVMe
EBS Performance
EBS CloudWatch Events
Instance Store
Instance Store Lifetime
Instance Store Volumes
Add Instance Store Volumes
SSD Instance Store Volumes
Instance Store Swap Volumes
Optimizing Disk Performance
Amazon EFS
Prerequisites
Step 1: Create an EFS File System
Step 2: Mount the File System
Step 3: Test the File System
Step 4: Clean Up
Amazon S3
Amazon S3 and Amazon EC2
Instance Volume Limits
Linux-Specific Volume Limits
Windows-Specific Volume Limits
Instance Type Limits
Bandwidth versus Capacity
Device Naming
Available Device Names
Device Name Considerations
Block Device Mapping
Block Device Mapping Concepts
AMI Block Device Mapping
Instance Block Device Mapping
Using Public Data Sets
Public Data Set Concepts
Finding Public Data Sets
Creating a Public Data Set Volume from a Snapshot
Attaching and Mounting the Public Data Set Volume
Resources and Tags
Resource Locations
Resource IDs
Working with Longer IDs
Controlling Access to Longer ID Settings
Listing and Filtering Your Resources
Advanced Search
Listing Resources Using the Console
Filtering Resources Using the Console
Listing and Filtering Using the CLI and API
Tagging Your Resources
Tag Basics
Tagging Your Resources
Tag Restrictions
Tagging Your Resources for Billing
Working with Tags Using the Console
viii
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
User Guide for Linux Instances
Working with Tags Using the CLI or API
Service Limits
Viewing Your Current Limits
Requesting a Limit Increase
Usage Reports
EC2Rescue for Linux
Installing EC2Rescue for Linux
(Optional) Verify the Signature of EC2Rescue for Linux
Install the GPG Tools
Authenticate and Import the Public Key
Verify the Signature of the Package
Working with EC2Rescue for Linux
Running EC2Rescue for Linux
Uploading the Results
Creating Backups
Getting Help
Developing EC2Rescue Modules
Adding Module Attributes
Adding Environment Variables
Using YAML Syntax
Example Modules
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting Launch Issues
Instance Limit Exceeded
Insufficient Instance Capacity
Instance Terminates Immediately
Connecting to Your Instance
Error connecting to your instance: Connection timed out
Error: User key not recognized by server
Error: Host key not found, Permission denied (publickey), or Authentication failed, permission
denied
Error: Unprotected Private Key File
Error: Server refused our key or No supported authentication methods available ..................... 929
Error Using MindTerm on Safari Browser
Cannot Ping Instance
Stopping Your Instance
Creating a Replacement Instance
Terminating Your Instance
Delayed Instance Termination
Terminated Instance Still Displayed
Automatically Launch or Terminate Instances
Instance Recovery Failures
Failed Status Checks
Initial Steps
Retrieving System Logs
Troubleshooting System Log Errors for Linux-Based Instances
Out of memory: kill process
ERROR: mmu_update failed (Memory management update failed)
I/O Error (Block Device Failure)
I/O ERROR: neither local nor remote disk (Broken distributed block device)
request_module: runaway loop modprobe (Looping legacy kernel modprobe on older Linux
versions)
"FATAL: kernel too old" and "fsck: No such file or directory while trying to open /dev" (Kernel
and AMI mismatch)
"FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules" or "BusyBox" (Missing kernel modules)
ERROR Invalid kernel (EC2 incompatible kernel)
ix
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
User Guide for Linux Instances
request_module: runaway loop modprobe (Looping legacy kernel modprobe on older Linux
versions)
fsck: No such file or directory while trying to open... (File system not found)
General error mounting filesystems (Failed mount)
VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block (Root filesystem mismatch)
Error: Unable to determine major/minor number of root device... (Root file system/device
mismatch)
XENBUS: Device with no driver...
... days without being checked, check forced (File system check required)
fsck died with exit status... (Missing device)
GRUB prompt (grubdom>)
Bringing up interface eth0: Device eth0 has different MAC address than expected, ignoring.
(Hard-coded MAC address)
Unable to load SELinux Policy. Machine is in enforcing mode. Halting now. (SELinux
misconfiguration)
XENBUS: Timeout connecting to devices (Xenbus timeout)
Getting Console Output and Rebooting Instances
Instance Reboot
Instance Console Output
Capture a Screenshot of an Unreachable Instance
Instance Recovery When a Host Computer Fails
Booting from the Wrong Volume
Document History
AWS Glossary
Reference - https://aws.amazon.com/documentation/ec2/
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